Tuesday, May 27, 2014

Blog Post 1: Testicular Cancer: An Introduction

Introduction

Testicular cancer happens when abnormal cell growth occurs in the testicles. It is most common in males between the ages of 15 and 34 and the rates have been increasing but fortunately, it is very treatable. A man only has about a 1 in 270 chance of developing testicular cancer. About 8,800 new cases are diagnosed each year (Centers For Disease Control) .The average age of diagnosis is 33. It is not as prevalent as prostate cancer, which is still the most common cancer for males (American Cancer Society).

Symptoms

• (usually occurring in only one testicle)
• Lump or enlargement of testicle
• A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum • Ache or pain in the abdomen
 • Fluid in the scrotum
• Pain or discomfort in the scrotum
(Mayo Clinic)

Causes


Like many cancers, the exact cause is unknown but some environmental factors may contribute to testicular cancer and a genetic factor is currently being researched. Testicular cancer develops in the germ cells of the testicle that are responsible for producing immature sperm. Risk Factors Testicular factors usually affect young, Caucasian men. A male is more likely to develop testicular cancer if a family member was diagnosed with it or if they have an undescended testicle.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is completed through various tests including: ultra sound, biopsy, and blood tests. Prognosis To determine the stage of cancer, CT scans (Computerized tomography) and blood tests are performed. The stages are as follows:
• Stage I. Cancer is limited to the testicle.
• Stage II. Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the abdomen.
• Stage III. Cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Testicular cancer most commonly spreads to the lungs, liver, bones and brain. Testicular cancer can be one of two types; a seminoma, which occurs in older men or a nonseminoma, is more aggressive and occurring in younger men.

Treatment

Treatment is determined based on type of cancer and prognosis. The most common treatments are: surgical removal of the testicle ((radical inguinal orchiectomy), chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Each treatment method has advantages and disadvantages and patient preference should be considered when choosing a treatment plan.

1 comment:

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